Personal Data Protection and Disclosure of Information on Public Officials' Diplomas: A Legal Review in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69989/0gt8q135Keywords:
Diploma, Personal Data, Information Disclosure, Legal Protection, Public OfficialsAbstract
The controversy surrounding the authenticity of President Joko Widodo's diploma has sparked a legal debate regarding the status of the diploma as personal data or public information. Diplomas contain identity information protected by Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). Still, as documents related to public office, diplomas can also be considered relevant information for the public interest under Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure (KIP Law). This study examines the legal status of diplomas about personal data protection and public information disclosure, employing normative legal research methods. The results indicate that diplomas are considered general personal data under the PDP Law, so their dissemination requires the consent of the owner. However, the KIP Law regulates limited access to diploma information when it relates to public office. Therefore, a balance is needed between protecting individual privacy and ensuring transparency of information in state administration.
Downloads
References
Cristóbal, R. S. (2015). The reduction of number of parliamentary members and the modification of remuneration schemes for deputies in autonomous community. Revista de Derecho Politico, 92, 73–118.
Docksey, C., & Propp, K. (2023). Government Access to Personal Data and Transnational Interoperability: An Accountability Perspective. Oslo Law Review, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18261/olr.10.1.2
Fenster, M. (2006). The opacity of transparency. Iowa Law Review, 91(3), 885–949.
Green, D. (2025). Strategic Indeterminacy and Online Privacy Policies: (Un)informed Consent and the General Data Protection Regulation. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 38(2), 701–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-024-10132-4
Hsu, C.-S., Tu, S.-F., & Chiu, P.-C. (2022). Design of an e-diploma system based on consortium blockchain and facial recognition. Education and Information Technologies, 27(4), 5495–5519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10840-5
Jingbo, W. (2015). Weighing the Public Interest in the Disclosure of Government Information. Social Sciences in China, 36(3), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2015.1062228
Kirchhof, F. (2024). Transparenz – Segen oder Fluch für den Rechtsstaat? Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft, 113(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3790/zverswiss.2024.1430401
Rodríguez Sánchez, C. M. A. (2020). Two examples of claudican transparency: The protection of data and the secrets of state. Revista Espanola de La Transparencia, 10, 129–150. https://doi.org/10.51915/RET.80
Saleh, O. S., Ghazali, O., & Al Maatouk, Q. (2019). Graduation certificate verification model: A preliminary study. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(7), 575–582.
Sanz, R. M. (2017). Comparative analysis of public policies and best practices of transparency in Ecuador 2004-2014. Reforma y Democracia, 2017-Febru(67), 197–226.
Skinner-Thompson, S. (2021). Agonistic privacy & equitable democracy. Yale Law Journal, 131, 454–474.
Solove, D. J. (2024). Data Is What Data Does: Regulating Based on Harm and Risk Instead of Sensitive Data. Northwestern University Law Review, 118(4), 1081–1138. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183932494&partnerID=40&md5=dfe51da260c14635777d34093815f4d4
Torres-Hernández, N., & Gallego-Arrufat, M.-J. (2023). Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of data protection in primary education. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12658
Trautendorfer, J., Schmidthuber, L., & Hilgers, D. (2024). Are the answers all out there? Investigating citizen information requests in the haze of bureaucratic responsiveness. Governance, 37(3), 845–865. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12805
Yin, W. (2023). Zero-Knowledge Proof Intelligent Recommendation System to Protect Students’ Data Privacy in the Digital Age. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2023.2222495
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Robi Syafwar (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing Notice
Authors publishing in Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi (JIEE) retain copyright over their original scholarly works and grant the journal the right of first publication. Published articles are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Under this license, users are permitted to copy, redistribute, share, reproduce, translate, adapt, and build upon the licensed material for any lawful purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), the initial publication in JIEE is acknowledged, a link to the license is provided, and any modifications are indicated. When adapted material is shared, the adaptation must comply with the applicable ShareAlike licensing requirements.
No additional permission from the authors or the journal is required for uses authorized by CC BY-SA 4.0. Users must not impose additional legal restrictions or technological measures that prevent others from exercising the rights granted by the license.
Authors may enter into separate, additional non-exclusive arrangements for the distribution of their published work, including deposit in institutional repositories, scholarly repositories, and academic websites, provided that the original publication in JIEE is appropriately acknowledged and the applicable licensing terms are respected.
Third-party materials that are expressly excluded from the article's Creative Commons license remain subject to their respective copyright and permission requirements. The license does not override applicable privacy, personality, or other rights.
For copyright-related inquiries or reports of possible infringement, please contact the JIEE Editorial Office.
Official License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
