Authorship Criteria

Authorship Criteria and Contribution Policy

Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi (JIEE) is committed to maintaining transparency, fairness, accountability, and integrity in the attribution of scholarly authorship. Authorship represents both recognition of substantial intellectual contributions and responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of published research.

This policy establishes the criteria for determining authorship, identifying individual contributions, assigning author responsibilities, managing changes in authorship, and resolving authorship-related concerns. It applies to all manuscripts submitted to JIEE, regardless of research methodology, disciplinary orientation, institutional affiliation, or number of contributors.

The journal's authorship principles are informed by the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the ethical guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) established under ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022.

1. General Principles of Authorship

Authorship must be based on genuine and substantial scholarly contributions rather than academic rank, administrative authority, institutional position, financial support, or personal relationships.

All individuals who satisfy the journal's authorship criteria should receive appropriate recognition as authors. Conversely, individuals who do not meet these criteria should not be included in the author list solely because of their seniority, supervisory responsibilities, institutional affiliations, or other non-intellectual considerations.

Each author must understand the significance of authorship and accept responsibility for the integrity of the submitted work. The identification and order of authors should be determined collectively by the research team before manuscript submission.

2. Criteria for Authorship

JIEE adopts four cumulative authorship criteria adapted from the ICMJE recommendations. To qualify as an author, an individual must satisfy all four criteria:

Substantial Intellectual Contribution: The individual has made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the research, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data.
Manuscript Development or Critical Revision: The individual has participated in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for significant intellectual content, theoretical development, methodological reasoning, or interpretation of findings.
Final Approval: The individual has reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript to be submitted or published.
Accountability for Research Integrity: The individual agrees to be accountable for the work and to cooperate in addressing questions concerning the accuracy, validity, originality, or integrity of the research.

All four conditions must be fulfilled. Individuals who make substantial contributions to the research should be given a reasonable opportunity to participate in manuscript development, critical revision, and final approval.

Authors are collectively responsible for ensuring that all eligible contributors are appropriately recognized and that no ineligible individuals are included in the authorship list.

3. Author Contributions and CRediT Taxonomy

To promote transparency in scholarly contributions, JIEE encourages authors to provide an Author Contributions Statement describing each author's role in the research and manuscript preparation.

Contributions should be identified using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), which recognizes the following fourteen roles:

Conceptualization: Development of research ideas, objectives, and overarching intellectual direction.
Methodology: Development or design of research methods, analytical frameworks, and methodological procedures.
Software: Development, implementation, or application of software and computational tools for research purposes.
Validation: Verification of the reproducibility, reliability, or accuracy of research findings and analytical processes.
Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other systematic analytical techniques.
Investigation: Conducting research activities, experiments, fieldwork, interviews, observations, or other evidence-gathering procedures.
Resources: Provision of research materials, instruments, facilities, datasets, or other resources.
Data Curation: Organization, documentation, management, processing, and preservation of research data.
Writing – Original Draft: Preparation and development of the initial manuscript.
Writing – Review & Editing: Critical review, substantial revision, and intellectual improvement of the manuscript.
Visualization: Preparation and presentation of research findings through figures, tables, diagrams, or other visual representations.
Supervision: Scientific oversight, research guidance, and intellectual leadership of the research process.
Project Administration: Coordination, planning, and management of research activities.
Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of financial support for the research project.

One author may perform several roles, and multiple authors may share the same role. However, assignment of a CRediT role does not automatically establish eligibility for authorship. Individuals must still satisfy the journal's authorship criteria.

Example of an Author Contributions Statement:

Author A: Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and writing – original draft. Author B: Investigation, data curation, and writing – review & editing. Author C: Validation, visualization, supervision, and writing – review & editing. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript and agreed to be accountable for its content.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the contributions are accurately described and approved by all authors.

4. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between the authors and the journal throughout the submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication processes.

The corresponding author's responsibilities include:

Ensuring that all listed authors meet the established authorship criteria.
Confirming that every author has reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
Obtaining agreement from all authors concerning authorship order and individual contributions.
Providing accurate author names, institutional affiliations, contact information, and other relevant metadata.
Ensuring the submission includes required declarations concerning research ethics, funding, conflicts of interest, and data availability, where applicable.
Communicating editorial decisions and reviewer comments to all co-authors.
Coordinating manuscript revisions and obtaining approval from all authors before submitting the final version.
Responding appropriately to requests for clarification, additional information, or corrections during and after publication.
Cooperating with the journal in resolving concerns relating to authorship, research integrity, or published findings.

The corresponding author does not have exclusive authority to make substantive changes to the manuscript, author list, or research conclusions without the knowledge and agreement of the other authors.

5. Authorship Order and Equal Contributions

The order of authors must reflect an agreement among all contributors who qualify for authorship. JIEE recognizes that disciplinary conventions and collaborative research arrangements may influence authorship order.

The first author is ordinarily the researcher who has assumed a leading role in the intellectual development and preparation of the manuscript. However, authorship order must be determined through transparent agreement among the authors rather than imposed solely on the basis of institutional hierarchy or academic seniority.

Where two or more authors have contributed equally, an equal-contribution statement may be included, subject to editorial verification and the journal's publication format.

Any disagreement concerning authorship order should be resolved by the authors before submission. The editorial team does not determine authorship order on behalf of the research team.

6. Contributors Who Do Not Qualify for Authorship

Individuals who contribute to a research project but do not satisfy all authorship criteria should receive appropriate acknowledgment rather than authorship credit.

Contributions that do not independently justify authorship include:

Providing financial support or securing research funding without substantial intellectual participation.
Holding an administrative position or providing general institutional supervision.
Providing routine administrative, logistical, or technical assistance.
Performing language editing, proofreading, or manuscript formatting without substantive intellectual contribution.
Providing research facilities, institutional access, or general technical resources.
Assisting solely with routine data collection without involvement sufficient to satisfy the complete authorship criteria.

Such contributions may be recognized in an Acknowledgments section. The corresponding author should obtain permission from individuals who are specifically identified in the acknowledgments.

Research collaborators, including local researchers and field partners, must be evaluated fairly against the same authorship criteria. Eligible contributors must not be excluded because of their institutional affiliation, nationality, academic status, or geographical location.

7. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

JIEE does not permit inappropriate attribution or manipulation of scholarly authorship.

The following practices are considered unacceptable:

Gift Authorship: Including individuals as authors as a favor despite their failure to meet the authorship criteria.
Guest Authorship: Adding prominent scholars, institutional leaders, or other individuals primarily to increase the perceived prestige or credibility of a manuscript.
Ghost Authorship: Omitting individuals who made substantial qualifying contributions to the research and manuscript.
Coercive Authorship: Pressuring researchers to include an individual as an author because of institutional authority, supervisory relationships, or professional influence.
Misrepresentation of Contributions: Providing false or misleading descriptions of an author's involvement in the research.
Unauthorized Authorship Changes: Adding, removing, or reordering authors without the necessary agreement and editorial approval.
Authorship for Payment: Selling, purchasing, or exchanging authorship positions without genuine qualifying scholarly contributions.

Suspected authorship misconduct may result in editorial investigation, suspension of manuscript processing, rejection, or appropriate post-publication action, depending on the available evidence and stage of publication.

8. Changes in Authorship

Authors are expected to finalize the authorship list and author order before submitting their manuscript. Changes requested after submission are considered exceptional and require a clear academic or ethical justification.

8.1. Changes Before Publication

Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after initial submission must be submitted to the editorial team by the corresponding author.

The request must include:

A written explanation of the reason for the proposed change.
The original and proposed authorship lists.
An updated Author Contributions Statement, where applicable.
Written agreement from all existing authors and all individuals being added or removed.
Confirmation that the revised authorship arrangement complies with the journal's authorship criteria.

The editorial team may suspend manuscript processing while an authorship concern is being clarified. The journal reserves the right to decline a proposed authorship change when adequate justification or required agreement is not provided.

8.2. Changes After Publication

Requests to change authorship after publication require careful editorial assessment and appropriate supporting documentation.

Where a change is justified and all relevant parties agree, the journal may publish a formal correction notice and update the article metadata as appropriate while preserving the integrity and transparency of the scholarly record.

Requests involving unresolved disputes or allegations of misconduct may be referred to the relevant research institution for investigation before a final editorial action is taken.

9. Authorship Disputes and Complaints

JIEE recognizes that disputes may arise concerning authorship eligibility, contribution, author order, or the exclusion of eligible contributors.

Authors should initially attempt to resolve such disagreements through transparent discussion within the research team. Where agreement cannot be reached, the dispute should be referred to the appropriate institutional authority or research integrity office.

The editorial team may request supporting documentation, suspend manuscript processing, or seek clarification from the relevant institution. However, JIEE does not independently adjudicate disputed claims of intellectual contribution when these require a formal institutional investigation.

Editorial responses to authorship disputes are informed by relevant COPE guidance and aim to protect the integrity of the scholarly record while ensuring fairness to all parties.

10. Artificial Intelligence and Authorship

Artificial intelligence systems, large language models, chatbots, and other AI-assisted technologies cannot be listed as authors or co-authors of manuscripts submitted to JIEE.

Such technologies cannot independently assume responsibility for research integrity, approve a manuscript, disclose conflicts of interest, or respond to scientific concerns. Consequently, they do not satisfy the journal's authorship criteria.

Authors who use AI-assisted tools in manuscript preparation or research activities must retain full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, reliability, and ethical compliance of their work.

Substantive AI assistance must be disclosed transparently. Where AI tools are used for writing assistance, the use should be described in an appropriate disclosure or acknowledgment statement. Where AI tools materially contribute to data processing, analysis, research procedures, or figure generation, the relevant methods should be described sufficiently to support transparency and reproducibility.

Authors must verify all AI-assisted content, including quotations, citations, references, analytical interpretations, and generated materials, before submission.

Further requirements concerning the responsible use of artificial intelligence are addressed in the journal's applicable editorial and publication ethics policies.

11. Author Identification and Affiliation

All authors must provide accurate information about their names, institutional affiliations, and relevant academic identities at the time of submission.

Institutional affiliations should reflect the author's genuine academic or professional connection with the institution relevant to the research. Authors must not claim affiliations that are inaccurate, misleading, or unauthorized.

JIEE encourages authors to provide their ORCID iD to support accurate author identification, scholarly attribution, and the interoperability of publication metadata.

Corrections to author identification or affiliation information should be communicated to the editorial team promptly and supported by appropriate documentation when required.

12. Authorship Declaration and Final Approval

By submitting a manuscript to JIEE, the corresponding author confirms, on behalf of the author group, that:

All listed authors satisfy the journal's authorship criteria.
No eligible contributor has been intentionally excluded from the authorship list.
The authorship order has been agreed upon by all authors.
Each author has reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
All authors accept responsibility for their respective contributions and agree to cooperate in resolving questions regarding the integrity of the work.
The Author Contributions Statement, where provided, accurately represents the roles performed.
All required declarations relating to funding, conflicts of interest, research ethics, and AI-assisted technologies have been completed accurately.
Any requested authorship changes will be communicated to the editorial team and supported by the necessary agreement.

The editorial team may request individual author confirmation or supporting documentation when needed to verify compliance with this policy.

13. Policy References and Related Guidelines

This authorship policy is informed by the following internationally recognized guidance:

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals: Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors. ICMJE Authorship Recommendations.
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Guidance and flowcharts concerning authorship, contributorship, and changes in authorship. COPE Official Website.
National Information Standards Organization (NISO). ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022: Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT). CRediT Taxonomy.
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi (JIEE). Publication Ethics. JIEE Publication Ethics.

Policy Implementation: This policy becomes applicable to manuscript submissions following its formal adoption and publication by the JIEE editorial management. Any subsequent amendments should be communicated transparently through the journal's official website.