Elisitasi Stres Abiotik pada Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Obat untuk Produksi Metabolit Sekunder: Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31933/6th08398Keywords:
Elisitasi, Kultur in vitro, Metabolit Sekunder, Stres Abiotik, Tanaman ObatAbstract
Tanaman obat merupakan sumber metabolit sekunder yang bernilai penting dalam bidang farmasi, pangan fungsional, kosmetik, dan industri bahan alam. Namun, produksi senyawa tersebut sering tidak stabil karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, lingkungan, jenis organ, dan kondisi pertumbuhan. Artikel review ini bertujuan mengkaji peran elisitasi stres abiotik in vitro pada kultur jaringan tanaman obat dalam meningkatkan produksi metabolit sekunder melalui tinjauan respons fisiologis, biokimia, dan metabolik. Penyusunan artikel dilakukan melalui penelusuran literatur dari berbagai basis data ilmiah dengan fokus pada kultur jaringan, stres abiotik, elisitasi, dan metabolit sekunder tanaman obat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa stres abiotik seperti salinitas, stres osmotik, suhu, radiasi ultraviolet, logam berat, dan nanopartikel dapat memicu perubahan status air, turgor, biomassa, klorofil, dan viabilitas kultur. Respons tersebut berkaitan dengan pembentukan spesies oksigen reaktif, aktivasi enzim antioksidan, akumulasi prolin dan osmoprotektan, serta regulasi fitohormon dan jalur biosintesis metabolit sekunder. Dengan demikian, elisitasi stres abiotik in vitro berpotensi menjadi strategi bioteknologi untuk meningkatkan produksi metabolit sekunder tanaman obat secara lebih terkontrol dan aplikatif
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Copyright (c) 2026 Murgayanti, Alifiyan Anur (Author); Zahira Shofa (Translator)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
