Pelatihan Pertanian dengan Pendekatan Perencanaan Partisipatif: Literatur Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31933/hf95pm53Keywords:
Perencanaan Partisipatif, Pelatihan Pertanian, Efektivitas ProgramAbstract
Pelatihan pertanian merupakan salah satu instrumen strategis dalam meningkatkan kapasitas petani dan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung pembangunan pertanian. Namun, berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pelatihan masih belum optimal. Efektivitas mengacu pada transfer pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh peserta setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Salah satu faktor kunci yang memengaruhi kondisi tersebut adalah lemahnya perencanaan program pelatihan yang umumnya masih didominasi oleh pendekatan top-down dan minim pelibatan peserta dan stakeholder. Artikel ini mengkaji pelatihan pertanian dengan pendekatan perencanaan partisipatif. Penelitian menggunakan metode Literature Review dengan Narrative Review. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan partisipatif berperan penting dalam meningkatkan relevansi materi pelatihan sesuai konteks lokal, memperkuat partisipasi dan motivasi peserta, memperbaiki proses pembelajaran, mendorong transfer hasil pelatihan ke praktik kerja, serta mendukung keberlanjutan dampak sosial dan lingkungan. Meski demikian, perencanaan partisipatif masih dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan sumber daya, hambatan sosial-budaya, dan tantangan replikasi pada skala yang lebih luas.
Downloads
References
Ataei, P., Sadighi, H., Abbasi, E., & Chizari, M. (2022). Transfer of sustainability training in land and conservation agriculture project: A behavioral study in Iran. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1051930
Bezner Kerr, R., Kangmennaang, J., Dakishoni, L., Nyantakyi-Frimpong, H., Lupafya, E., Shumba, L., Msachi, R., Boateng, G. O., Snapp, S. S., Chitaya, A., Maona, E., Gondwe, T., Nkhonjera, P., & Luginaah, I. (2019). Participatory agroecological research on climate change adaptation improves smallholder farmer household food security and dietary diversity in Malawi. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 279, 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.04.004
Bezner Kerr, R., Young, S. L., Young, C., Santoso, M. V., Magalasi, M., Entz, M., Lupafya, E., Dakishoni, L., Morrone, V., Wolfe, D., & Snapp, S. S. (2019). Farming for change: developing a participatory curriculum on agroecology, nutrition, climate change and social equity in Malawi and Tanzania. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(3), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-09906-x
Brown, G., & Chin, S. Y. W. (2013). Assessing the Effectiveness of Public Participation in Neighbourhood Planning. Planning Practice and Research, 28(5), 563–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2013.820037
Buckland, S. F. (2025). Developing Participatory Agro-Climate Services: A TVET Farming Curriculum Proposal. Caribbean Journal of Education and Development, 1(4), 36–71. https://doi.org/10.46425/cjed301046493
Chambers, R. (1984). Rural Development: Putting the Last First. In Routledge Taylor and Francis Group (1st ed., Vol. 60, Issue 3). Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. https://elearn.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/pluginfile.php/2576893/mod_resource/content/2/Rural Development Putting the last first by Robert Chambers %28z-lib.org%29.pdf
Chanza, C., Tchuwa, F., Anugwa, I. Q., Liverpool-Tasie, S., Ukamaka, D. M., Agwu, A. E., Suvedi, M., & Sasidhar, P. V. K. (2023). Strengthening Agricultural Extension Training Process Skills and Competency Gaps in Undergraduate Agricultural Extension Curriculum in Malawi. Partnerships for Innovative Research in Africa (PIRA) Research Report. April, 1–100. https://www.canr.msu.edu/csus/uploads/8. Agricultural Extension Services Report _Uganda.pdf
Cullen, D., McGee, G. J. A., Gunton, T. I., & Day, J. C. (2010). Collaborative planning in complex stakeholder environments: An evaluation of a two-tiered collaborative planning model. Society and Natural Resources, 23(4), 332–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920903002552
Dagar, P. (2022). Vocational education and training for indigenous women in India: toward a participatory planning approach. International Journal of Training Research, 20(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2021.1959379
Farooq, A, Muhammad Ishaq, N. A. S., & and Robina Karim. (2010). Agricultural Extension Agents and Challenges for Sustainable Development (a Case Study of Peshawar Valley). Sarhad J. Agric, 26(3), 419–426.
Feekery, A. (2024). The 7 C’s framework for participatory action research: inducting novice participant-researchers. Educational Action Research, 32(3), 332–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2023.2234417
Fisu, A. A., Hafid, Z. A., Marzaman, L. U., D., D., Mappe, U. U., Hadi, A., & Manuhung, S. (2023). Community-Based Kambo Tourism Area Planning With a Participatory Planning Approach. To Maega : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 6(1), 174–188. https://doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v6i1.1558
Gutiérrez Cano, L. F., Zartha Sossa, J. W., Orozco Mendoza, G. L., Suárez Guzmán, L. M., Agudelo Tapasco, D. A., & Quintero Saavedra, J. I. (2023). Agricultural innovation system: analysis from the subsystems of R&D, training, extension, and sustainability. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7(July), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1176366
Hoque, M., & Usami, K. (2007). Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Training Courses for Block Supervisors at the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) in Bangladesh. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 14(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2007.14204
Hrivnák, M., Moritz, P., Melichová, K., Roháčiková, O., & Pospišová, L. (2021). Designing the participation on local development planning: From literature review to adaptive framework for practice. Societies, 11(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc11010019
Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (2007). Consensus Building and Complex Adaptive Systems. Journal of the American Planning Association, 78(January 2015), 37–41. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01944367908977008
Isralasmadi, Natawidjaja, R., & Hapsari, H. (2018). Analisis Penyelenggaraan Diklat Pertanian di Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Jambi Analysis Of Agricultural Training at Jambi Agricultural Training Center. Jurnal Penyuluhan Pertanian, 13(1), 43–53.
Jellason, N. P., Conway, J. S., & Baines, R. N. (2021). Understanding impacts and barriers to adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices in North-Western Nigerian drylands. The Journal of Agricultural …. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1793787
Kiwanuka, J., Miiro, R. F., Matsiko, F. B., & Nkalubo, S. (2020). Using the Learning Transfer System Inventory to test the effects of trainee and training design characteristics on the transfer of agricultural training in Uganda. International Journal of Training and Development, 24(4), 374–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12202
Kovács, E., Kelemen, E., Kiss, G., Kalóczkai, Á., Fabók, V., Mihók, B., Megyesi, B., Pataki, G., Bodorkós, B., Balázs, B., Bela, G., Margóczi, K., Roboz, Á., & Molnár, D. (2017). Evaluation of participatory planning: Lessons from Hungarian Natura 2000 management planning processes. Journal of Environmental Management, 204, 540–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.028
Kumar, S., Srivastava, A. K., Joshi, M. D., Pathak, M., Misra, V. K., & Kumar, D. (2024). Participatory Approaches to Agricultural Research and Extension Services. Archives of Current Research International, 24(6), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6782
Kusnandar, K., van Kooten, O., & Brazier, F. M. (2021). COCREATE: a self-directed learning approach to agricultural extension programmes. Development in Practice, 31(5), 636–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2021.1908229
Laurian, L., & Shaw, M. M. (2009). Evaluation of public participation: The practices of certified planners. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 28(3), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X08326532
Leeuwis, C., & Ban, A. Van den. (2004). Communication for Rural Innovation: rethinking agricultural extension. In Blackwell Science (Third edit). Blackwell Science. http://www.modares.ac.ir/uploads/Agr.Oth.Lib.8.pdf#page=20&zoom=auto,-161,323
Martey, E., Etwire, P. M., & Mockshell, J. (2021a). Climate-smart cowpea adoption and welfare effects of comprehensive agricultural training programs. Technology in Society, 64(December 2020), 101468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101468
Martey, E., Etwire, P. M., & Mockshell, J. (2021b). Climate-smart cowpea adoption and welfare effects of comprehensive agricultural training programs. Technology in Society, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101468
Maulu, S., Hasimuna, O. J., Mutale, B., Mphande, J., & Siankwilimba, E. (2021). Enhancing the role of rural agricultural extension programs in poverty alleviation: A review. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1886663
Meekaew, N., & Chamaratana, T. (2024). Cultivating Entrepreneurial Skills in Organic Farming with Design Thinking and Community-Based Education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(5), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.5.8
Mgendi, B. G., Mao, S., & Qiao, F. (2022). Does agricultural training and demonstration matter in technology adoption? The empirical evidence from small rice farmers in Tanzania. Technology in Society, 70(June), 102024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102024
Mumakinah, T., Setiawan, M., & Wirawan Irawanto, D. (2020). Improved Performance of agricultural Extension Agents With Infrastructural Facilities and Training Through Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Management, 18(4), 721–729. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.04.11
Mwansa, P. B. (2023). Aspects Influencing Maize Farmers ’ Involvement in Agricultural Extension Training in Zambia. 5(1), 42–50.
Nanda, L. D., Tan, F., & Noer, M. (2018). Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Program Berkelanjutan Danau Maninjau. Jurnal Kebijakan Sosek KP, 8(2), 63–75.
Nazarzadehzare, M., & Dorrani, K. (2012). Study Obstacles and Problems of Agriculture Extension Traning Courses from Extension Workers Points of View Participating in the Extension Traning Courses Dezful City. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5707–5713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.502
Nichols, L. (2002). Participatory program planning: Including program participants and evaluators. Evaluation and Program Planning, 25(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7189(01)00044-1
Oywaya-Nkurumwa, A., Ukamaka, D. M., Liverpool-Tasie, S., Ifeoma Quinette Anugwa, Tchuwa, F., Suvedi, M., Agwu, A. E., Chanza, C., & Sasidhar, P. V. K. (2023). Strengthening Agricultural Extension Training (Process Skills and Competency Gaps in Undergraduate Agricultural Extension Curriculum in Kenya). canr.msu.edu. https://www.canr.msu.edu/csus/uploads/5. Agricultural Extension Services Report_Kenya.pdf
Pretty, J. N. (1995). Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture. World Development, 23(8), 1247–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00046-F
Pretty, J. N., & Chambers, R. (2009). Toward a learning paradigm: New professionalism and institutions for agriculture. Rethinking Sustainability: Power, Knowledge, and Institutions, 189–227.
Reza, M., Noer, M., Yonariza, Y., & Asmawi, A. (2019). Hubungan Ikatan Anggota Kelompok Tani dengan Partisipasinya pada Proses Perencanaan Penyuluhan Pertanian Tingkat Nagari di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 15(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v15i1.16355
Ridha, B. A. J., Hassun, I. R., & Al-Salhi, A. T. H. (2020). Evaluation Of Training Courses For Agricultural Employees Conducted By The Training And Rehabilitation Department Belonging To The Extension And Training Of Agricultural In Iraq. Plant Archives (09725210), 20(1), 155–162.
Ritonga, R., Saepudin, A., & Wahyudin, U. (2019). Penerapan Model Evaluasi Kirkpatrick Empat Level dalam Mengevaluasi Program Diklat Di Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian (BBPP) Lembang. In Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal (Vol. 14, Issue 1, p. 12). State University of Malang (UM). https://doi.org/10.17977/um041v14i1p12-21
Rutatora, D. F., & Mattee, A. Z. (2001). Towards a Farmer-Centred Extension Service: the Case of Uluguru Mountain Agricultural Development Project, (Umadep) Morogoro, Tanzania. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 30, 89–103.
Sakina, M. O. M. (2017). Evaluation of some training courses in Agricultural Extension Department-general Directorate of Agriculture in Sulaimani governorate during the period of 1st January …. Journal Of Kirkuk University For Agricultural Sciences. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=131096
Singh, D. K., Singh, P. K., & Shastri, L. B. (2014). Effectiveness of Training Programmes under Agricultural Technology Management Agency in Bihar Article in Indian Research Journal of Extension Education. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 14(1), 93–95. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327051120
Singh, N., Srivastava, S. R., Malik, S., & Niwas, R. (2010). Impact of Training Programs of Extension Education Institute Nilokheri on Master Trainers of State Agricultural University. Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 30(4), 254–257.
State, O., & Ojebiyi, W. G. (2023). Effect of Training on Knowledge of Extension Personnel in Selected Agricultural Value Chains in Ogun State , Nigeria. Ife Journal of Agriculture, Volume 35(Number 1), 58–71. http://ija.oauife.edu.ng/index.php/ija/article/view/718
Wahyudi, S., & Adhi, R. K. (2019). Efektifitas Pelatihan Dasar Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian Ahli Di Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian Binuang Tahun 2018. In Jurnal Ilmiah Hijau Cendekia (Vol. 4, Issue 1, p. 17). Universitas Islam Kadiri. https://doi.org/10.32503/hijau.v4i1.411
Yan, J., Huang, Y., Tan, S., Lang, W., & Chen, T. (2023). Jointly Creating Sustainable Rural Communities through Participatory Planning: A Case Study of Fengqing County, China. Land, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010187
Ye, X. J., Wang, Z. Q., & Lu, J. B. (2002). Participatory assessment and planning approach: Conceptual and process issues. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 20(2), 89–111. https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v20n02_09
Zuber-Skerritt, O. (2018). An educational framework for participatory action learning and action research (PALAR). Educational Action Research, 26(4), 513–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2018.1464939
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Retno Hermawan, Melinda Noer, Hery Bachrizal Tanjung, Zulvera (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
